SINGAPORE: As Southeast Asian nations grow their ambitions for nuclear energy to meet rising power needs and climate goals, obstacles such as natural disasters and geographical limitations can be addressed, the director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Rafael Mariano Grossi said on Friday (Jul 25).
Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) must also disseminate more information to tackle public perceptions of nuclear energy that are influenced by past nuclear disasters such as the 2011 Fukushima incident, the head of the United Nations nuclear watchdog said in a media interview.
Mr Grossi was in Singapore on Friday as part of the S R Nathan fellowship, a high-level programme for foreign leaders and prominent individuals to visit the country.
As part of his visit, Mr Grossi met President Tharman Shanmugaratnam and Prime Minister Lawrence Wong, and delivered a lecture hosted by the Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Institute (SNRSI) at the National University of Singapore.
Mr Grossi and Minister for Sustainability and the Environment Grace Fu then signed a renewed agreement to help developing nations build nuclear expertise through fellowships, scientific visits and training courses.
Speaking to local media after the day's activities concluded, at the Shangri-La Hotel, Mr Grossi reiterated his belief that Singapore is well-placed to adopt nuclear technology as the city-state faced "no insurmountable challenges".
"Singapore is a very special case, because this country, it has a fine technology base in general ... it has a mature regulator, nuclear regulator. It has very good nuclear safety research capabilities," said Mr Grossi, adding that the "institutional pillars" that are typically necessary in a newcomer country were present.
"I think all of this groundwork has been done here. So in my opinion, when the country, the government, decides to move into a programme, it will be relatively fast," he added.
"I don't see, as I said, any obstacle. In some countries, it will be the finance - impossible - or the lack of human capacity, workforce, you don't have those problems in Singapore. This is why I was saying at the beginning of our conversation that there are many steps, many boxes that have been checked already in Singapore."
That said, Mr Grossi noted that Mr Wong and Mr Tharman had stated to him during their meetings that no decision had been made regarding the deployment of nuclear energy here.
At the same time,the establishment of SNRSI earlier this month to further studies into this area.
Singapore's renewed agreement with IAEA would also enable international nuclear experts to gather in the country to conduct capacity building activities for nuclear research, which will also benefit participants from Singapore.
Nuclear power presents a potential source of clean energy and the advancement of nuclear technology, especially in the area of small modular reactors (SMR), makes it a potential option as Singapore works towards decarbonisation.
In 2012, the government said that a pre-feasibility study concluded that nuclear energy technologies available at the time were not suitable for deployment as the risks still outweighed the benefits for a small and dense country like Singapore.
Mr Rafael Mariano Grossi, director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency during a sit-down interview with the media at Shangri-La Hotel, Singapore on Jul 25, 2025. (Photo: CNA/Jeremy Long)
Answering another question about Singapore's geographical limitations, Mr Grossi said that the lack of space was not a negative factor.
"In case there was a deployment here, even within a limited geographical space ... there would not be any problem to have precautionary measures of any type.
These measures include protocols and procedures on what to do in the event of an accident, Mr Grossi said.
"The idea that introducing nuclear power generates an immediate risk ... is not sustained by reality. Of course, any technology - and nuclear is not an exception - entails risks," said Mr Grossi, adding that risks should be managed and reduced to a minimum.
Asked to elaborate on why he did not see space as a limitation, Mr Grossi said that the underlying assumption was a "worst-case scenario".
"I would say that, if this is the criterion, other industrial activities ... will also have negative effects in a relatively constrained space like the one here. This is why there are specific plans for that.
"Let me put it this way, any geographical space is limited in some way. When you have a nuclear power plant in China, for example, of course, the country is huge, but the vicinity of the plant would also ... be affected," he said.
03:05 Min
International Atomic Energy Agency chief Rafael Mariano Grossi said Singapore has the potential to possess nuclear energy if it decides to do so. He added that Singapore could be the most perfect example of a country that needs such energy. Mr Grossi was speaking to the media after delivering a public lecture on the safe use of nuclear science. Meanwhile, Singapore will create training programmes to help developing countries build up their nuclear expertise. Minister of Sustainability and the Environment Grace Fu inked the renewed deal with the IAEA today. Eugene Chow reports.
Singapore is not alone in exploring nuclear power within the region.
There are currently no operational nuclear reactors in Southeast Asia, but countries like the Philippines and Indonesia have set targets to operate nuclear power plants in the early 2030s.
Nevertheless,
"The IAEA has services specifically oriented at that. Where are you planning to build your nuclear power plant? And here, what comes into play is the geological situation of a place, the access to water with a number of things," Mr Grossi said.
An intergovernmental organisation, the IAEA works with member states to promote the safe and peaceful use of nuclear energy. Singapore has been a member state since 1967.
"The IAEA has expertise and people who are specialists in this concept called siting. So this is a very major element," Mr Grossi added.
Asked if the IAEA considered a nation's political stability a key factor in letting it pursue nuclear technology, Mr Grossi replied that it was every country's "sovereign right" to decide whether it wanted to engage in a nuclear programme.
However he noted that countries undergoing political turmoil would not usually engage in something that required much planning and institutional effort.
Mr Grossi also said that it is up to the individual ASEAN nations to decide whether to explore nuclear energy alone without any collaboration with other countries.
That said, bilateral partnerships are also possible. He referred to the example of the Krsko power plant in Slovenia, which supplies energy to both Slovenia and Croatia.
This showed how two relatively small countries agreed to situate a nuclear plant in one country but split energy between both, he said.
"You can imagine as many arrangements as the countries would like. Here, there is no pre-baked solution. It will depend if there is a will. So it is a dialogue that perhaps countries in ASEAN might wish to have."
Mr Grossi also spoke of the importance for governments and the region to disseminate more information and for the public to familiarise itself with nuclear technology.
"The reality is that all the ASEAN governments are approaching the agency and telling me that they want nuclear energy ... so there is a lot of interest in the area," said Mr Grossi.
"It is clear that we have 60 years of nuclear experience in the world, that more than 400 reactors are operating in the world without problems."
"So in my opinion, it would be good to do more, to do more information sharing, campaigns of education, dissemination of this information because it's true that the public perceptions may still be influenced by a certain inertia from past examples."
The Fukushima incident, for instance, has "left quite a strong impression in some layers of society", he added, referring to the 2011 nuclear power plant meltdown in Japan's Fukushima prefecture.
To address such fears, Mr Grossi said transparency was key.
He added that a lot of wastewater has been treated and discharged in a controlled manner.
"So, so far so good ... But we are going to continue. I said that the IAEA will be present until the very last drop of this water.
"So this is, I think, a way to prove that we are there, that we are not going anywhere."
On how the IAEA will strike a balance between being an authoritative power and maintaining global nuclear security when nuclear programmes were of political sensitivity, Mr Grossi said that the "best and most important element" was to work within the "family of nations" in the IAEA.
"Every country that is operating normally and safely and with no proliferation concerns is a member of the IAEA ... receives the inspections, does the safety and security reviews, participates actively in the regulatory activities, countries that have transparency."
Asked to rate how prepared ASEAN was to adopt nuclear energy at this point, Mr Grossi declined to give a score.
"There is no such thing as an ASEAN energy output, because the countries are part of what ASEAN is but there is a huge difference between Myanmar and Singapore, or between Vietnam and Thailand.
"There are similarities, but there are also very important differences. So to tell you ASEAN is seven out of 10 or eight out of 10 would be artificial."
Continue reading...
Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) must also disseminate more information to tackle public perceptions of nuclear energy that are influenced by past nuclear disasters such as the 2011 Fukushima incident, the head of the United Nations nuclear watchdog said in a media interview.
Mr Grossi was in Singapore on Friday as part of the S R Nathan fellowship, a high-level programme for foreign leaders and prominent individuals to visit the country.
As part of his visit, Mr Grossi met President Tharman Shanmugaratnam and Prime Minister Lawrence Wong, and delivered a lecture hosted by the Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Institute (SNRSI) at the National University of Singapore.
Mr Grossi and Minister for Sustainability and the Environment Grace Fu then signed a renewed agreement to help developing nations build nuclear expertise through fellowships, scientific visits and training courses.
Related:
Speaking to local media after the day's activities concluded, at the Shangri-La Hotel, Mr Grossi reiterated his belief that Singapore is well-placed to adopt nuclear technology as the city-state faced "no insurmountable challenges".
"Singapore is a very special case, because this country, it has a fine technology base in general ... it has a mature regulator, nuclear regulator. It has very good nuclear safety research capabilities," said Mr Grossi, adding that the "institutional pillars" that are typically necessary in a newcomer country were present.
"I think all of this groundwork has been done here. So in my opinion, when the country, the government, decides to move into a programme, it will be relatively fast," he added.
"I don't see, as I said, any obstacle. In some countries, it will be the finance - impossible - or the lack of human capacity, workforce, you don't have those problems in Singapore. This is why I was saying at the beginning of our conversation that there are many steps, many boxes that have been checked already in Singapore."
That said, Mr Grossi noted that Mr Wong and Mr Tharman had stated to him during their meetings that no decision had been made regarding the deployment of nuclear energy here.
At the same time,the establishment of SNRSI earlier this month to further studies into this area.
Singapore's renewed agreement with IAEA would also enable international nuclear experts to gather in the country to conduct capacity building activities for nuclear research, which will also benefit participants from Singapore.
Nuclear power presents a potential source of clean energy and the advancement of nuclear technology, especially in the area of small modular reactors (SMR), makes it a potential option as Singapore works towards decarbonisation.
In 2012, the government said that a pre-feasibility study concluded that nuclear energy technologies available at the time were not suitable for deployment as the risks still outweighed the benefits for a small and dense country like Singapore.
Mr Rafael Mariano Grossi, director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency during a sit-down interview with the media at Shangri-La Hotel, Singapore on Jul 25, 2025. (Photo: CNA/Jeremy Long)
Answering another question about Singapore's geographical limitations, Mr Grossi said that the lack of space was not a negative factor.
"In case there was a deployment here, even within a limited geographical space ... there would not be any problem to have precautionary measures of any type.
These measures include protocols and procedures on what to do in the event of an accident, Mr Grossi said.
"The idea that introducing nuclear power generates an immediate risk ... is not sustained by reality. Of course, any technology - and nuclear is not an exception - entails risks," said Mr Grossi, adding that risks should be managed and reduced to a minimum.
Asked to elaborate on why he did not see space as a limitation, Mr Grossi said that the underlying assumption was a "worst-case scenario".
"I would say that, if this is the criterion, other industrial activities ... will also have negative effects in a relatively constrained space like the one here. This is why there are specific plans for that.
"Let me put it this way, any geographical space is limited in some way. When you have a nuclear power plant in China, for example, of course, the country is huge, but the vicinity of the plant would also ... be affected," he said.
03:05 Min
International Atomic Energy Agency chief Rafael Mariano Grossi said Singapore has the potential to possess nuclear energy if it decides to do so. He added that Singapore could be the most perfect example of a country that needs such energy. Mr Grossi was speaking to the media after delivering a public lecture on the safe use of nuclear science. Meanwhile, Singapore will create training programmes to help developing countries build up their nuclear expertise. Minister of Sustainability and the Environment Grace Fu inked the renewed deal with the IAEA today. Eugene Chow reports.
ASEAN'S AMBITIONS FOR NUCLEAR ENERGY
Singapore is not alone in exploring nuclear power within the region.
There are currently no operational nuclear reactors in Southeast Asia, but countries like the Philippines and Indonesia have set targets to operate nuclear power plants in the early 2030s.
Nevertheless,
"The IAEA has services specifically oriented at that. Where are you planning to build your nuclear power plant? And here, what comes into play is the geological situation of a place, the access to water with a number of things," Mr Grossi said.
An intergovernmental organisation, the IAEA works with member states to promote the safe and peaceful use of nuclear energy. Singapore has been a member state since 1967.
"The IAEA has expertise and people who are specialists in this concept called siting. So this is a very major element," Mr Grossi added.
Asked if the IAEA considered a nation's political stability a key factor in letting it pursue nuclear technology, Mr Grossi replied that it was every country's "sovereign right" to decide whether it wanted to engage in a nuclear programme.
However he noted that countries undergoing political turmoil would not usually engage in something that required much planning and institutional effort.
Mr Grossi also said that it is up to the individual ASEAN nations to decide whether to explore nuclear energy alone without any collaboration with other countries.
That said, bilateral partnerships are also possible. He referred to the example of the Krsko power plant in Slovenia, which supplies energy to both Slovenia and Croatia.
This showed how two relatively small countries agreed to situate a nuclear plant in one country but split energy between both, he said.
"You can imagine as many arrangements as the countries would like. Here, there is no pre-baked solution. It will depend if there is a will. So it is a dialogue that perhaps countries in ASEAN might wish to have."
Related:
PUBLIC NEEDS TO BE INFORMED
Mr Grossi also spoke of the importance for governments and the region to disseminate more information and for the public to familiarise itself with nuclear technology.
"The reality is that all the ASEAN governments are approaching the agency and telling me that they want nuclear energy ... so there is a lot of interest in the area," said Mr Grossi.
"It is clear that we have 60 years of nuclear experience in the world, that more than 400 reactors are operating in the world without problems."
"So in my opinion, it would be good to do more, to do more information sharing, campaigns of education, dissemination of this information because it's true that the public perceptions may still be influenced by a certain inertia from past examples."
The Fukushima incident, for instance, has "left quite a strong impression in some layers of society", he added, referring to the 2011 nuclear power plant meltdown in Japan's Fukushima prefecture.
To address such fears, Mr Grossi said transparency was key.
He added that a lot of wastewater has been treated and discharged in a controlled manner.
"So, so far so good ... But we are going to continue. I said that the IAEA will be present until the very last drop of this water.
"So this is, I think, a way to prove that we are there, that we are not going anywhere."
On how the IAEA will strike a balance between being an authoritative power and maintaining global nuclear security when nuclear programmes were of political sensitivity, Mr Grossi said that the "best and most important element" was to work within the "family of nations" in the IAEA.
"Every country that is operating normally and safely and with no proliferation concerns is a member of the IAEA ... receives the inspections, does the safety and security reviews, participates actively in the regulatory activities, countries that have transparency."
Asked to rate how prepared ASEAN was to adopt nuclear energy at this point, Mr Grossi declined to give a score.
"There is no such thing as an ASEAN energy output, because the countries are part of what ASEAN is but there is a huge difference between Myanmar and Singapore, or between Vietnam and Thailand.
"There are similarities, but there are also very important differences. So to tell you ASEAN is seven out of 10 or eight out of 10 would be artificial."
Continue reading...